{"search_session":{},"preferences":{"l":"en","queryLanguage":"en"},"patentId":"US_8444683_B2","frontPageModel":{"patentViewModel":{"ref":{"entityRefType":"PATENT","entityRefId":"171-012-045-281-141"},"entityMetadata":{"linkedIds":{"empty":true},"tags":[],"collections":[{"id":10775,"type":"PATENT","title":"Vanderbilt University - Patent Portfolio","description":"","access":"OPEN_ACCESS","displayAvatar":true,"attested":false,"itemCount":5230,"tags":[],"user":{"id":91044780,"username":"Cambialens","firstName":"","lastName":"","created":"2015-05-04T00:55:26.000Z","displayName":"Cambialens","preferences":"{\"usage\":\"public\",\"beta\":false}","accountType":"PERSONAL","isOauthOnly":false},"notes":[{"id":8245,"type":"COLLECTION","user":{"id":91044780,"username":"Cambialens","firstName":"","lastName":"","created":"2015-05-04T00:55:26.000Z","displayName":"Cambialens","preferences":"{\"usage\":\"public\",\"beta\":false}","accountType":"PERSONAL","isOauthOnly":false},"text":"
Search Applicants and Owners separately: \"Vanderbilt University\"; \"Vanderbilt Uni*\"; \"Uni* Vander*\"
Select more for logical variants. Add to collection. Select all patents in the collection and expand by simple families. Add to collection. Total patents: 3832
Search Applicants and Owners separately: \"Vanderbilt University\"; \"Vanderbilt Uni*\"; \"Uni* Vander*\"
Select more for logical variants. Add to collection. Select all patents in the collection and expand by simple families. Add to collection. Total patents: 3832
(a) introducing at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent to a target neural tissue;\n
(b) determining a pulse duration (Tp) that is short enough to minimize heat diffusion based on a thermal diffusion time (Td) for the target neural tissue, Tp\nd;
(c) generating at least one beam of radiation comprising a plurality of pulses with the pulse duration;\n
(d) delivering the generated at least one beam of radiation to the target neural tissue; and\n
(e) controlling a thermal gradient at the target neural tissue to stimulate the target neural tissue, including\n"],"number":1,"annotation":false,"title":false,"claim":true},{"lines":["The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent are introduced to the intracellular space of the target neural tissue, or externally to the neurons of the target neural tissue."],"number":2,"annotation":false,"title":false,"claim":true},{"lines":["The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one beam of radiation has an intensity between a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold that is greater than the first intensity threshold, wherein the first intensity threshold is a stimulation threshold of the target tissue, and wherein the second intensity threshold is an ablation threshold of the target tissue."],"number":3,"annotation":false,"title":false,"claim":true},{"lines":["The method of claim 3, wherein the ratio of the second intensity threshold to the first intensity threshold is in a range from 1 to 200."],"number":4,"annotation":false,"title":false,"claim":true},{"lines":["The method of claim 3, wherein the ratio of the second intensity threshold to the first intensity threshold is a function of a wavelength of the at least one beam of radiation."],"number":5,"annotation":false,"title":false,"claim":true},{"lines":["The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one beam of radiation is delivered to the target neural tissue with the radiant exposure no more than 5.0 J/cm2."],"number":6,"annotation":false,"title":false,"claim":true},{"lines":["The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one beam of radiation has a wavelength selected such that when delivered to the target neural tissue, it causes a maximal temperature increase and a minimal tissue damage in the target neural tissue."],"number":7,"annotation":false,"title":false,"claim":true},{"lines":["A method of optically stimulating a neural tissue of a living subject, comprising the steps of:\nselecting a wavelength that has minimal absorption in the target neural tissue and optimal absorption in the at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent;\nselecting a radiant exposure of the at least one beam of radiation based on a functional relationship between the thermal gradient and a radiant exposure; and\nselecting the at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent to have predetermined light absorption properties.\n
(a) introducing at least one of a chromophores and an optical agents to a target neural tissue;\n
(b) exposing the target neural tissue to a beam of radiation with a selected radiant exposure for a selected amount of time sufficient to establish a thermal gradient therein and such as to stimulate the target neural tissue, wherein the beam of radiation has an intensity between a stimulation threshold of the target neural tissue and an ablation threshold of the target neural tissue that is greater than the stimulation threshold of the target neural tissue; and\n
(c) controlling the thermal gradient at the target neural tissue, including\n"],"number":8,"annotation":false,"title":false,"claim":true},{"lines":["The method of claim 8, wherein the beam of radiation has a wavelength selected such that when delivered to the target neural tissue, it causes a maximal temperature increase and a minimal tissue damage in the target neural tissue."],"number":9,"annotation":false,"title":false,"claim":true},{"lines":["The method of claim 8, wherein the target neural tissue is characterized with a thermal diffusion time, Td, and wherein the beam of radiation comprises a plurality of pulses with a pulse duration, Tp, such that Tpselecting a wavelength that has minimal absorption in the target neural tissue and optimal absorption in the at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent;\nselecting a radiant exposure of the at least one beam of radiation based on a functional relationship between the thermal gradient and a radiant exposure; and\nselecting the at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent to have predetermined light absorption properties.\n
delivering optical energy to a target neural tissues in pulses with a pulse duration Tp such that Tp\nd, and wherein the optical energy is delivered with a radiant exposure that causes a thermal gradient in the target neural tissue, thereby stimulating the target neural tissue; and
controlling the thermal gradient at the target neural tissue, including\n"],"number":11,"annotation":false,"title":false,"claim":true},{"lines":["The method of claim 11, wherein the introducing the at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent to a target neural tissue comprises introducing the at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent to the target neural tissue prior to the delivering step."],"number":12,"annotation":false,"title":false,"claim":true},{"lines":["The method of claim 11, wherein the delivering step comprises the step of focusing the optical energy on the target neural tissue so that the target neural tissue propagates an electrical impulse."],"number":13,"annotation":false,"title":false,"claim":true},{"lines":["The method of claim 11, wherein the target neural tissue receives the optical energy for an amount of time sufficient to initiate action potential propagation within the target neural tissue."],"number":14,"annotation":false,"title":false,"claim":true},{"lines":["A method of optically stimulating a neural tissue of a living subject, comprising:\nselecting a wavelength that has minimal absorption in the target neural tissue and optimal absorption in at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent at the target neural tissue;\nselecting a radiant exposure of the optical energy based on a functional relationship between the thermal gradient and a radiant exposure; and\nselecting the at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent to have predetermined light absorption properties.\n
(a) introducing at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent to a target neural tissue, wherein the target neural tissue is characterized by a thermal diffusion time, Td that is predetermined or measured;\n
(b) determining a pulse duration (Tp) that is short enough to minimize heat diffusion based on thermal diffusion time (Td) for the target neural tissue, Tp\nd;
(c) generating at least one beam of radiation comprising a plurality of pulses with the pulse duration;\n
(d) delivering the generated at least one beam of radiation to the target neural tissue, wherein the at least one beam of radiation is delivered with a radiant exposure selected such as to establish a thermal gradient in the target neural tissue and stimulate the target neural tissue, wherein the radiant exposure is in a range of about 0.3 J/cm2 to about 1.0 J/cm2;\n
(e) controlling the thermal gradient at the target neural tissue, including\n"],"number":15,"annotation":false,"title":false,"claim":true},{"lines":["A method of optically stimulating a neural tissue of a living subject, comprising:\nselecting a wavelength that has minimal absorption in the target neural tissue and optimal absorption in the at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent;\nselecting a radiant exposure of the at least one beam of radiation based on a functional relationship between the thermal gradient and a radiant exposure; and\nselecting the at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent to have predetermined light absorption properties.\n
(a) introducing at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent to a target neural tissue;\n
(b) exposing the target neural tissue to a beam of radiation with a selected radiant exposure for a selected amount of time sufficient to establish a thermal gradient therein and such as to stimulate the target neural tissue, wherein the beam of radiation has an intensity between a stimulation threshold of the target neural tissue and an ablation threshold of the target neural tissue that is greater than the stimulation threshold of the target neural tissue, wherein the selected radiant exposure is in a range of about 0.3 J/cm2 to about 1.0 J/cm2 and the selected amount of time is short enough to minimize heat diffusion based on a thermal diffusion time for the target neural tissue; and\n
(c) controlling the thermal gradient at the target neural tissue, including\n"],"number":16,"annotation":false,"title":false,"claim":true}]}},"filters":{"npl":[],"notNpl":[],"applicant":[],"notApplicant":[],"inventor":[],"notInventor":[],"owner":[],"notOwner":[],"tags":[],"dates":[],"types":[],"notTypes":[],"j":[],"notJ":[],"fj":[],"notFj":[],"classIpcr":[],"notClassIpcr":[],"classNat":[],"notClassNat":[],"classCpc":[],"notClassCpc":[],"so":[],"notSo":[],"sat":[]},"sequenceFilters":{"s":"SEQIDNO","d":"ASCENDING","p":0,"n":10,"sp":[],"si":[],"len":[],"t":[],"loc":[]}}selecting a wavelength that has minimal absorption in the target neural tissue and optimal absorption in the at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent;\nselecting a radiant exposure of the at least one beam of radiation based on a functional relationship between the thermal gradient and a laser radiant exposure; and\nselecting the at least one of a chromophore and an optical agent to have predetermined light absorption properties.\n